2011 London riots, an introduction
1. Trying to figure out what’s happening in London, and why no one over here (the US) appears to care supermuch. From the Guardian, it appears that largish sections of London are on fire, and Graham Linehan at least initially appeared upset. Good enough to pique my curiosity.
2. On Thursday, August 4th, the police (you know, the guys who recently made news for collaborating with Rupert Murdoch’s people) shot and killed a 29 year old man named Mark Duggan. Duggan, a father of three, was allegedly connected to one or more gangs. Duggan (based on photos a not-white man) was initially said to have opened fire on the police, though it’s looking more and more like whoever says that is in fact incorrect. The circumstances of his death remain in question. He was under investigation for his alleged gang ties, but it’s unclear why he was shot to death. It’s possible he was being watched because his best friend was stabbed to death this spring; police may have feared Duggan was out for vengeance. The only thing clear at this point is that Duggan was killed with a hollowpoint bullet. (Is that what the police in London usually use?)
3. Duggan was in a taxi when he was shot, heading home. Shortly before he was killed, he texted his partner (girl he’s been dating since high school, mother of his children) that the police were following him. These particular police were part of Operation Trident, an initiative formed in 1998 by members of the black community in response to an upsurge in gun violence within their communities. The director of Operation Trident is Claudia Webbe. According to Wikipedia, in 2004, of the 300 officers involved in Operation Trident, 16 were black.
4. Tottenham, the area of London where the riots started, maybe the most ethnically diverse area in Europe. Tottenham residents speak at least 300 different languages. The area is also said to be home to a variety of gangs, however it does not (as has been reported) have the highest unemployment rate in London - that honor goes to East Ham.
Tottenham is no stranger to riots. Twenty-five years ago, when Mark Duggan was 4, the Broadwater Farm area of Tottenham was engulfed in riots also sparked by the actions of white police officers in relation to black victims suspects people. That year, police raided Cynthia Jarrett’s home in connection with an investigation into her son, who did not live with her. She keeled over and died of heart failure or a stroke, depending on what you read. The community, already pissed at police who had, just the week before, shot Dorothy “Cherry” Groce while searching her home, for her son,* broke out in riots.
6. On October 6, 1985, rioters overwhelmed police and beat and hacked to death 40 year old Officer Keith Blakelock when he tripped and fell as the police retreated. Blakelock died of dozens of stab wounds, probably committed by dozens of people. Several people were arrested for the murder and apparently few to none of them were given anything resembling due process. Police tactics included stripping teens naked and questioning them outside of the presence of any attorney. Investigations into the Blakelock murder investigation revealed an array of ethical and legal lapses on the parts of the police. Based on the ineptitude/criminality of the investigation, several suspects were released.
The investigation into Blakelock’s murder was reopened in the early 2000s, which resulted in approximately a dozen men from the Tottenham area being brought in for questioning in late 2010.
7. NB: This is just an introduction. The first riot looks like it was sparked by Duggan’s shooting and fueled by one particular community’s history of mistrust of the police. However the further looting and riots that have gone on over the past few nights likely have little connection, other than opportunism. I’m at the very least still curious about broader racial and economic issues, the alleged “gang” ties, and the problems this causes for the 2012 Olympics. More soon.
*Mrs. Groce was paralyzed as a result of the police shooting her. Defying doctors’ predictions that she had 10 years max, she died this year, on Easter Sunday.